Mirninsky district
Mirninsky region was formed on January 12, 1965 in connection with the beginning of development of diamond deposits. It is located in the western part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The southern border begins with 610 northern breadths, and the northern goes beyond the Polar circle. In the West the region borders on Krasnoyarsk region and Irkutsk area.
Mirninsky region was a dream of the geologists, first diamond-miners. It was formed owing to self-denying work of that generation which in post-war years came there in searches of a fine stone - diamond.
Under the hardest conditions of the Far North, among an impassable taiga, in a heat and an icy cold they dreamed that once on a place of tents there will be beautiful and modern city. The well-known pipe “Mir” opened in 1955 originated the developing firstly of working settlement, and then of the city. The total area of the territory is 165.8 thousand sq. km. The distance from Mirny up to Yakutsk is 1207 km . There are 9 settlements in administrative-territorial structure. The administrative centre is Mirny. For January, 1st, 2004 the population in the region has made 85.6 thousand people. Urban population is 81.8 thousand: Mirny – 39.5, Udachny – 15.7; the Aikhal settlement – 15.9, the Svetly settlement- 3.6, the settlement – 1.8, the Chernyshevsky settlement- 5.3, the country population – 3.8 thousand. The population density is 0.52 persons on 1 кв . Km.
The basic settlements are c. Udachny, the urban settlements Aikhal, Almazny, Svetly, Chernyshevsky, three villages Taas-Jurjah (Botuobinsky village), Suldukar (Sadynsly national village), Arylaakh (Chuoninsky village). Economically active population for January, 1st, 2004 in the region has made 56187 people, the number borrowed by all kinds of economic activities - 54907 people.
The city Mirny was formed on April, 3rd, 1959 by the Decree of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR. The working settlement of diamond-miners formed in 1955 near the diamond pipe "Mir" found the status of city. Today the territory area is 122.9 thousand sq. km. Representative authority is regional Soviet, executive authority is the chief of municipal unit “Mirninsky region” acting on the basis of the Statute.
In diamond capital there are about 300 objects of social value. In Mirny there are two diamond-mining factories, the Center of diamonds sorting, two museums (historic-and-industrial JSK “ALROSA” and unique museum of kimberlite, Svyato-Troitsky temple, a sport center “Kimberlite” with ice arena and stadium, children's palace of sports, trading-property complex “Yubileiny”, and memorial “Viluyskoe koltso”. There are also libraries, restaurants, cafe, excellent polyclinic, children's school of arts with small picture gallery and the Palace of culture "Almaz". The guests are welcomed the hotel “Zarnitsa” and guest-house “Viluy”. In Mirny you can also see the well-known open-cut “Mir”, one of the sights of the city and of Yakutia.
Mirninsky region is one of the industrial leaders in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). There are Mirninsky, Aikhalo-Udachny, and Srednebotuonsky mining units that specialize at the extraction of diamonds, oil, and natural gas, development of the electric power and manufacture of building materials. The extraction of diamonds on deposits of Mirninsky region makes 14 p.c. of all world extraction. In industrial complex it is concentrated more than 90 p.c. of production assets, it is borrowed about half of all working persons in branches of goods production. The basis of the industry is made with nonferrous metallurgy, electric power industry, a fuel industry and the food-processing industry. The extracting branch includes manufactures on extraction and enrichment of minerals, and also on development of the electric power by hydroelectric power stations. The largest branches of goods production by its output and quantity of the borrowed workers are the industry, construction and transport.
The leading part in sphere of manufacture belongs to JSC “ALROSA” and its branches. In the territory of Mirny there are diamond-mining businesses of Mirninsky mining-and-processing integrated works JSC “ALROSA” (a mine “Irelyakh”, underground mine “Internatsionalny”, factories № 3 and № 5), the oil-extracting business of CJSC “Irelyakhneft”. OJSC “ALROSA-GAS” (the branch of JSC “ALROSA”) is engaged in gas extraction and operation of gas mains.
The food-processing industry basically is presented by branch of the State Unitary Enterprise FAPK “Yakutia”, and the municipal unitary business “Mirninsky molokozavod". The sphere of trade and private services actively develops.
The network of the general secondary education is presented by 19-th average general educational establishments, one lyceum, one versatile culturological school-grammar school with total number of pupils of more than 14 thousand, the auxiliary boarding school, five out-of-school establishments, the Center of the formation, and three evening schools. In system of educational establishments of area 32 children's gardens work. 10 schools of the region have protected the programs of development; have received the status of republican experimental areas. 2 schools have the status of presidential school (school № 12 and lyceum). In Mirny there is also a polytechnic institute, the branch of Yakutsk State University that prepares graduates on five specialties. There are 26 units of the state network cultural establishments: 11 libraries, 2 cultural centers, 2 rural cultural centers, 4 children's musical schools, 3 children's schools of arts, etc. JSC “ALROSA” helps financially the carrying out of large cultural actions in the city.
In 2003 the construction and starting-up and adjustment works on basic object of Nurbinsky mining-and-processing integrated works- factory № 16- have been completed. Nurbinsky miming-and-processing complex is the largest plant in the diamond-mining industry put into operation for last five years. Today it became one of the advanced industrial complexes and provides the development of kimberlite pipes “Botuobinskaya” and “Nurbinskaya”.
In the summer of 2004 in city Udachny it was celebrated the 50 anniversary of opening of a diamond pipe “Zarnitsa”, in the autumn of the same year the celebratory actions devoted to the 45 anniversary of settlement Chernyshevsky took place. In 2005 this oldest village of the region Taas-Urekh celebrated 110 years. In the autumn of 2004 the third drag under the account № 203 mines “Irelyakh” of Mirninsky miming-and-processing complex had been put into operation, in September, 2004 the first unit, and in December of 2005 – the second hydrounit of Svetlinsky HPS. It will allow further developing of Viluy regions group, providing with the electric power objects of the diamond-mining industry and mastering of new diamond, gas, oil deposits.
In 2005 Mirny and the leader of diamond-mining industry JSC “ALROSA” celebrated the 50-years anniversary. The administration of municipal formation together with JSC “ALROSA” developed the greater program of construction, reconstruction of socially significant objects of all region. Their list included hostel of Mirninsky polytechnical institute, children's palace of sports, sports complex in Mirny and many other things.
The residents of Mirny always remember about talented people such the first manager of trust “Almaz” Victor Illarionovich Tikhonov, the monument to whom is established within the limits of anniversary actions, the general director of association “Yakutalmaz” Lev Leonidovich Soldatov, the first head of construction department “Viluygesstroi” Evgeny Nikanorovich Batenchuk. In Chernyshevsky there is a bust devoted to legendary Bath .
In Mirny Heroes of Soviet Union Vladimir Akimovich Kolbunov, Victor Mihajlovich Kuzmin, many Heroes of Socialist Work lived and worked. Today in their houses there are memorial boards.
It is pleasant to understand, that the contribution of Mirny residents in social and economic development of republic is noted by the maximum award of Yakutia - an award North Star. Among them there are the Hero of Socialist Work Raisa Ivanovna Tomilova, former general director JSC “ALROSA” Vladimir Petrovich Djukarev, director of culturelogical schools-grammar schools Tamara Afanasevna Zhiljavskaja, former director UKS Jury Ivanovich Popov, vice-president of JSC “ALROSA” Ivan Kirillovich Damians. In September, 2005 this maximum award of republic was given to the chief of Mirninsky region Anatoly Tarasovich Popov. Assignment of a rank “The Honorable citizen of city Mirny” has begun in 1964, from 2003 it has been renamed in “Honourable citizen of Mirninsky region of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). 134 persons are awarded with this rank in the end of 2005.
Mirninsky regional Soviet of deputies and the administration of municipal unit during last years fruitfully worked with the State Assembly ( Ил Тумэн ) of the republics, Association of the Siberian and Far East cities, other municipal units on development of the offers concerning the organization of local self-management. That the city was the prize-winner of the All-Russia competition “Zolotoi rubl” of 2002 and 2004, and that the region on results of competition for 2003 has won first place among industrial group of our republic regions, imposes also the greater responsibility. In fact at carrying out of similar competitions it is considered both an accomplishment of settlements, and economic parameters - growth of volumes of manufacture, commodity circulation of trade, incomes of the population, input of habitation, development of social sphere.
Nature and Ecology
Mirninsky region is located in the West of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The area is 166.1 thousand sq.km. It borders from the West on Krasnoyarsk region, from the north with Oleneksky, from east part with Nurbinsky and Suntarsky regions, from the southern part with Lensky and Irkutsk areas. This region is located within the limits of Prilensky plateau and mid-Siberian plateau. Its relief is plateau. As a whole it's a gently rugged plain with explanate watersheds and with rather superficial deplanate valleys of the rivers, small rivers and streams. Vilyui concerns to the large rivers of the territory with numerous inflows such as Chona, Bolshaya Botuobuya, Malaya Botuobuya, Sulduker, etc.
Climate. The region is characterized by sharply continental climate shown in greater fluctuations of temperature and small enough quantity of deposits. Prominent feature of a climate is long, till 7 months, the winter and short, in 2.5 months, hot summer. Negative temperatures keep from October till May, frost-free the period lasts till 74 days. The annual sums of deposits колеблются from 216 up to 438 mm , a direction of winds basically western with prevalence southwest, speed on the average 2-3 km/s.
Soil. The soil of the territory is original. Their formation has passed in conditions of a complex relief, sharply continental climate and presence of a long-term frozen ground. In forests there is mountain-taiga peaty thixotropic soil. In the north of it on high files the stony tundra and stony looses are formed. The marshiness of soils connected with presence of everfrost breeds is characteristic for intermountain downturn and river valleys. Soil of a taiga is characterized by a different degree of podzolization, small hixotropic and the humidity raised by salinity and rather high fertility. The formations in downturn of a relief of sodic soils, saline soils and salted soils, connected with a continental climate (small quantity of deposits, high years temperatures), presence of the long-term frozen ground interfering significant desalination of soils and removal from them of salts are characteristic for soil versions of northern taiga. The long-term frozen ground is one of the major natural factors of formation of a drain in this territory. The layer of years thawing of shaft characterizes the depth of surfaces bedding of everfrost breeds. The capacity of a seasonally-thawed layer depends on the character of heat exchange of shaft with an atmosphere and is defined both breadth of district, and all physics-geographical conditions. As a whole, the capacity of a seasonally-thawed layer changes from 0.5 up to 5.0 m . Processes of long-term thawing and winter freezing of shaft render direct influence on formation of superficial waters.
Translated by Elena Tolstoukhova, a YSU student |
