The Nomadic Schools in Sakha-Yakutia

Educational and methodical base

The problem of education is especially actual as the factor of preservation and development of native languages and cultures of the North small people. Educational and methodical manuals publication is a primary task of the North people schools laboratory of the Research institute of national schools.

Eveni language and culture

In 1993 Nikitina R.S. and Krivoshapkin A.V. made the ancestors spirit training and education program for 1-4 grade children of nomadic school. Khopkil biniten is the Nikitina's illustrated textbook of traditional culture for primary Eveni school (Lessons of ancestors - SPb, 2000). This book acquaints us with a Eveni traditional way of life, the basic occupation of parents (reindeer breeding, fishery, hunting). Lessons of ancestors are lessons of a life and morals. This includes a spoken language that reflects on Eveni way of life. Such illustrated textbook is effective to use in language absence spaces or its limitation. The author developed the textbook by methodical instructions (SPb, 2000 and M, 2001) trained in kindergartens, primary Eveni nomadic school.

In 2004 Nikitina R.S. develops the Taiga alphabet (SPb) color illustrated manual for pupils of primary general education and nomadic schools. The textbook forms initial survival skills in the North extreme conditions and enables to analyse of concrete situations at numerous nomadic existence.

Questions of ecology and traditional nature management keep to be especially actual in the North. There is an intensive industrial development of natural bowels. The North people are concerned by ecologically negative consequences because of situation change around ground attitudes connected with expansion of mining operations. Now nomadic people feel oppression for industrial development of their territories; deer pastures routes are reduced. There is a necessity for the new attitude to environment. The population is informed insufficiently about environmental problems. Therefore they are not always ready to promote practical protection of environment. The school to help to child completely and systematicaly see world and to form feeling of the careful attitude to riches of the nature.

Nikitinoj R.S.'s color illustrated book in Tarabukinoj E.K.'s co-authorship " Áóã ò³ðý²äóð èíèäó õóïêó÷ýê " ("we Study to live on Earth". - SPb, 2005) and "the Working writing-book " Nikitinoj R.S. (SPb, 2005) on traditional wildlife management and ecology are intended for pupils of 3-4 classes of general educational and nomadic schools. The study-methodical complete set is called to give pupils of knowledge in the field of ecology, to help to realize necessity of the careful attitude to the nature, to put in pawn a basis for the further ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî âîñïèòàíèÿ .

On ecology and development of oral speech of children ýâåíîâ Tarabukinoj U.P.'s preschool and younger school age the methodical grant for tutors and teachers " Àéàí²à ìóò äþò " ("The Nature our house " is made. - SPb, 2002). The grant contains methodical development of employment on the ecologies promoting education of the careful attitude to the surrounding nature. The additional material for reading is included: verses and stories ýâåíñêèõ writers about the nature, the thematic dictionary on ecology.

For children of preschool and younger school age of Tarabukinoj U.P. the manual " ĸíòóðäè àçáóêà " (" Evenki alphabet in verses" also is made. - SPb, 2003) which in the game and entertaining form promotes mastering ýâåíñêîãî the alphabet, to development ýâåíñêîé speeches.

Evenki language and culture

Employees of the Scientific research institute of national schools develop manuals for knowing by Evenki language. "Evenki-Russian phrase book " Makarovoj K.I. ( Yakutsk , 1999) is intended for beginners to study Evenki language (east dialect). The basic maintenance of a phrase book is made with typical models of combinations of words and a thematic selection of the most common words of Evenki and Russian languages.

Marfusalovoj V.P.'s experimental manual, etc. " Ýâýäûò òàòêàëäÿðàâ " in 2 p. (" we Start to study Evenki language ". - íåðþíãðè , 2001) it is intended for children. Materials are located by a thematic principle: texts, exercises and words for mastering.

Marfusalovoj V.P.'s experimental manual, etc. " Ýâýäûò òàòêàëäÿðàâ " in 2 p. (" we Start to study Evenki language ". - SPb, 2002) for the pupils of an elementary school knowing Evenki language, it is equipped by a minimum vocabulary for mastering, Evenki texts for translation.

Marfusalovoj V.P. and Makarovoj K.I. also is made the program on Evenki language for beginners (Neryungri, 1999).

Yukagir language and culture.

The study-methodical grant "Yukagir (odulsky) language for preschool children" (Prokopyev P.E. Yakutsk, 2005) it is addressed to tutors of a kindergarten and the parents, wishing to train children in-home. The grant included ïîóðî÷íûå employment for children 3-4 and 5-7 years calculated on two grade levels, a folklore, literary and musical material on þêàãèðñêîì language.

In the appendix to the grant are given 25 subject and subject pictures thematically connected with employment in view of a modern condition of safety of yukagir language. All þêàãèðñêèå words and texts have translation into Russian.

Introduction of information technologies and remote formation.

Working above introduction of new information technologies, employees of the Scientific research institute of national schools create multimedia manuals for remote training. The scientific employee of laboratory of an elementary education M.S.Banderovoj makes the multimedia grant on the fine arts " Îíÿëäûâóí " for pupils of initial classes ýâåíñêèõ nomadic schools.

The teaching material is distributed on four basic types of a lesson: conversation about the fine arts, decorative drawing, drawing from a nature, drawing on a theme. Doubtless advantage of the grant is an interactive help to the teacher that enables qualitative training to the fine arts of children in nomadic conditions.

In the further development of audiovisual and electronic means of training on a national-regional component for general educational and nomadic schools of republic are planned.

Creation of electronic textbooks for remote training

Preschool education.

• Books-toys on products of writers, on fairy tales of people of the North for training to the letter;
• board games (a lotto, logic games, cubes, a mosaic, cubes with figures of national utensils);
• slides with methodical comments on the mathematician, grammar;
• audiobooks " National fairy tales ", " Legends of people of the North " with the sound appendix;
• Sets of reproductions on themes: a trade of parents, seasons, the nature of edge, a basis of safety of ability to live of children in the North;
• complete sets of pictures on development of speech with methodical recommendations.

Elementary school

Study-methodical complete sets on:

• to native languages;
• to world around and culture;
• to traditional wildlife management and ecology;
• to bases of safety of ability to live. Books for home reading.

Multimedia, audio-video study-methodical complete sets

• Folding books for children of younger age;
• cartoon films on products of writers of the North;
• ñëàéäû on culture of people of the North;
• albums on the applied fine arts;
• educational videofilms about a life and creativity of national writers;
• illustrative albums on products of writers, artists;
• the electronic textbook under the literature of people of the North.

Secondary school

Study-methodical grants on:

• to languages and culture;
• to wildlife management;
• to bases of safety of ability to live.
• Books for additional reading in languages of people.
• Dictionaries on languages and culture.

Multimedia, audio-video study-methodical complete sets:

• albums on applied and to the fine arts;
• thematic slides on culture of people of the North;
• recordings of national songs, verses, compact discs on epic products (eposes, olonkho, nimkalani);
• compact discs with records of national round dances hedje (eveni), heyro (dolgany), londol (yukagir);
• video data on processing fur, a leather;
• Slides-albums, the multimedia grant (people, habitation, clothes, the nature, food, employment, games, national songs, dances, holidays);
• albums about writers and artists of the North;
• educational videofilms about a life and creativity of national writers;
• computer curriculums on folklore materials;
• national games and toys.