The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is a subject of the Russian Federation. Under the Constitution of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), it has the complete political authority.

The distribution of powers between the public authorities of the Russian Federation and that of Yakutia is provided for in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), federal and other agreements on the distribution of powers.

The political authority in the republic is exercised under the separation and balance of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers. The state carries out its policy based on the principles of democracy, social justice, and an agreement and a balance of values of the humanity and the national values.

The Supreme Soviet of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted the Declaration of national sovereignty of the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic on September 27, 1990.

The Constitution of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) was approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Republic on April 4, 1992.

Russia and Yakutia signed an agreement on the distribution of powers between the public authorities of the Russian Federation and that of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) on the 29th of June, 1995.

The superior authorities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) consist of:

• President (Vyacheslav Shtyrov since 2002) in conjunction with Vice-President
• Government, executive power
• The State Assembly (IL Tymen), legislative power
• The Constitutional Court.

Today Yakutia comprises 34 districts (rayons/uluses) and the city of Yakutsk. Since January 1, 2006 all of them as well as 404 settlements do have their own local governments.